A Review: Mechanisms and Patterns of Injuries during Unmount

Nur Fakhira Alya Binti Mohd Ashari, Izwyn Binti Zulkapri, Norhayati Binti Zakuan, Kamaruzaman Soeed, Nur Fadilah Darmansah

Abstract

Horse-related injuries do not occur during horse riding or when mounted only, but handling a horse on the ground also holds dangers. Injuries during unmounted horse activities may happen to any rider, handler and even veterinarian. The aim of this paper was to review the existing scientific data on the mechanisms and patterns of horse-related injuries during unmounted horse activities. This review paper was conducted based on all studies describing mechanisms and patterns of injuries during unmounted horse activities. The main injury mechanism in unmounted horse activities are caused by being kicked, crushed/struck, trampled, dragged/pulled and bitten. The patterns of injuries during unmounted horse activities covered three parts namely types of injury, age and gender as well as regions of injury. Resulted fractures and head region have the highest percentage of injuries. Whilst the percentage of injuries occurred for each gender was based on the age of the victims. The limitation of this review is the lack of recent studies which meant that this was a topic less focused on. Thus, future study should focus more on injuries during unmounted horse activities so that more interventions can be develop as preventive measures which will give benefits for both work and non-work equine identities in order to decrease the percentage of injuries.